Bio study with diagrams

Biology 11: cell,unit of life

1. Robert hooke discovered cell wall of plant cell

2.the cell theory was proposed by schlieden and schwann

3. non membrane cell organelles found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are ribosomes

 4.smallest cell mycoplasma is 0.3 micro metre in length 

5.animal cells is different from plant cells in having centrosomes

6. gas vacuoles are found in blue green algae and green and purple bacteria 

7.endomembrane systems contain Golgi apparatus lysosomes vacuoles and  endoplasmic reticulum 

8.Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened sac called cisterns

9.lysosomes distributed in cytoplasm 

10.lysosomes works in acidic medium

11. enzymes of lysosomes are synthesized by RER made by Golgi apparatus 

12.stain used to observe mitochondria is Janus green

13. cytoplasmic ribosomes is 80s and organelles lysosomes is 70s

14. thylakoids are present in chloroplast 

15.ribosomes 70s in prokaryotes discovered by George pakade ,made up of RNA and protein

16. double membrane system consist mitochondria chloroplast and nucleus 

17.structure present inside the nucleus responsible for ribosomal unit formation is nucleolus

18. chromatin found in nucleus was discovered by Fleming

19. chromatin is essentially composed of DNA and histone 

20.mitochondria is divided by fission ,Matrix possesses single circular DNA 

21.microbodies are membrane bound minute vesicles found in plant and animals 

22.animals cannot carry out gluconeogenesis as they do not poses glycoxylate enzyme 

23.diagrammatic representation of karyotype of a species is called idiogram 

24.membraneless RBCs are found in ribosome ,basal body ,centriole,nucleolus ,inclusion body etc.

25.microfilament provide support to plasma membrane involved in cyclosis helps in pseudo body formation 

26.mitochondrial Matrix contain single circular DNA molecules and ribosomes outer membrane is permeable to monomers of Carbohydrates fats and proteins enzyme of electron transport are embedded in inner membrane

27. the shorter and longer arm of submetacentric chromosome are referred as P arm and q arm respectively 

28.do not contain DNA -.   lysosomes and vacuoles 

29.nucleolus site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis

30.deplotene bivalents   :     lampbrush chromosome 

31.allosomes      :      sex chromosomes        

32.l-shaped chromosomes       :        submetacentric chromosome

33. salivary glands of insects      :          polytene chromosomes

34. function of Golgi body is cell wall formation ,secretion, formation of plasma membrane 

35.middle lamella is present outside the primary wall 

36.chief components of bacterial cell wall is amino acids and polysaccharides

37. the internal layer joining the primary wall of the two adjacent cell is called as middle lamella 

38.the fluid part of cell known as cell SAP is non living components of vacuole of cell 

39.a protoplast is a single wall less cell 

40.endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus nuclear membrane is absent in prokaryotes 

41.centre of phosphorylation is called oxysome

42. fundamental characteristic of cell membrane is Ion regulation

43. the cell wall of plant cell are triple layered 

44.plasma membrane's outer and inner layers are electron dense while middle layer is electron transparent 

45.oxidative enzymes takes place mostly in mitochondria

46. Protein synthesis in a animal cell occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria 

47.transfer vesicles from RER fuse with cis region of Golgi complex

48. the main structure of centriole has nine triplets

49. cell wall in higher plants consists of cellulose and pectin 

50.secretary and membrane proteins are processed in Golgi complex

51.cell wall are not present in mycoplasma ,gamate and amoeba 

52.centrosome makes cytoskeleton

Biology:11 Plant growth regulators class 11

Q1. IAA is a indole compound

Q2. GA is related to terpenes 

Q3.ABA is carotenoid derivatives

Q4. C2 H4 is a gaseous hormone

Q5. kinetin is adenine derivatives

Q6. Auxin discovered by C.darwin and f .Darwin as well as FW went

Q7.cytokinin discovered by Miller and slug 

Q8.gibberellin is discovered by kurosawa's 

Q9.experiment on canary grasses conducted by Darwin

Q10. auxin first isolated from coleoptile of Seedling by FW went 

Q11.gibberellins have been reported from Fungi and higher plants of more than hundred types

Q12. plant growth hormones acidic in nature are auxin ethylene and ABA  

Q13.gibberellins leads to blotting delay senescence, increase the Grapes stalk ,improves Apple shape

Q14. GA is used to spread up malting process in Brewing industry 

Q15.spraying juvenile conifer with GA3 hasten  the maturity ,thus leading to early seed production 

Q16.GA3 is a commercial available gibberellin acid

Q17.GA3 can increase the length of internode in sugarcane

Q18. cytokine in a formed primarily in root 

Q19.kinetin, modified adenine ,purine is discovered from the autoclaved Herring sperm DNA

Q20. in plant there is open form of growth

Q21. the period of growth divided into three phase 

Q22.wall thickening by  plasmic modification is involved in phase of cell of maturation 

Q23.differentiation phase deals with increased vasculation,cell enlargement and  cell wall  deposition 

Q24.exponential phase deals with enlargement of cell and constant increase in growth rate 

Q25.arithmetic growth is constant growth

 it is found in root and shoot cells

Q26. sigmoid growth curve shows bacteria growing in culture medium organism growing in natural habitats and all cells tissues and organ.

Biology 11:Minerals and nutrition in plants class 11

Q1. The mineral Linked with Redox reaction is Copper and iron

Q2. sulphur is constituent of amino acid cysteine cysteine and methionine

Q3. both ferredoxin and cytochrome contain iron 

Q4.premature leaf fall is due to deficiency of phosphorus

Q5. chlorosis occurs due to deficiency of Nitrogen potassium magnesium zinc molybdenum iron Manganese

Q6. the techniques of hydroponics was first demonstrated by Julius Von Sachs

Q7. the techniques of hydroponics is being employed for the commercial production of vegetables like tomato cucumber and lettuce 

Q8.non metal elements are carbon hydrogen and oxygen 

Q9.Yellow colour appears in leaves is due to deficiency of potassium

Q10. cofactor of nitrate reductase is molybdenum 

Q11.necrosis occurs due to deficiency of calcium deficiency

Q12. symptoms of Nitrogen and potassium are visible first in sescent leaves

Q13. forms of iron absorbed by plant are iron III

Q14. essential for growth of root tip is calcium

Q15. for action nitrogenase require high input of energy 

Q16.mangnees is essential for photo lysis of water 

Q17.calcium is immobile elements

Q18. playing important role in nitrogen fixation is molybdenum

Q19. grey spot of oat are caused by deficiency of zinc

Q20. NAA hormone prevents The Fall of fruit 

Q21.cytochrome is a iron containing porphyrin pigment

Q22. Boron in green plant helps in sugar transport

Q23. symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterias are rhizobium , nitrosomonas

Q24. non symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria are azotobacter

Q25. more than 60 elements are found in different plants 

Q26.micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in concentration less than 10 m mole / kg of dry matter

Q27. Monovalent ion increases membrane permeability while divalent Ion decreases the same 

Q28.Phosphorus is a structural element of cell membrane protein and nucleic acid 

Q29.for chlorophyll synthesis iron and magnesium is required 

Q30.magnesium helps to maintain ribosome structure

Q31. calcium is needed during the formation of mitotic spindle

Q32. there are 17 Essential elements 

Q33.major function of trace element is to act as cofactor of enzyme

Q34. constituent of coenzymes a is Sulphur 

Q35.zinc helps in biosynthesis of auxin 

Q36.alcohol dehydrogenase present in liver is activated by zinc 

Q37.components of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase is molybdenum 

Q38.elements involved in metabolism of Urea is Nickel 

Q39.Boron takes part in bulk flow hypothesis

Q40. micronutrients required for mitochondrial and photosynthetic electron transport is Copper and iron 

Q41Boron helps in germination of pollen grains 

Q42.sulphur is also constituents of  ferredoxin

Q43. depth of leaf tissue in plant is caused by deficiency of calcium and magnesium 

Q44.deficiency of N,K,S can cause inhibition of cell division in plant .

Biology 11:Transport in plants class 11

Q1. Porins are associated with outer membrane of mitochondria.

Q2. Solute and water potential are directly proportional

Q3. Hydrostatic pressure is usually positive 

Q4.water potential is equal to solute potential Plus atmospheric pressure

Q5  non living components of xyleminvolved in apoplast pathway.

Q6. Guttation happens due to positive hydrostatic pressure in xylem

Q7. hydathodes help in guttation

 Q8.gaurd cell is dumbbell shaped in monocot

Q9. inner wall of guard cell is thick and Elastic in Dicot guard cells 

Q10.gaurd cells are surrounded by subsidiary cells 

Q11.outer wall of guard cell in Sunflower is thin and elastic

Q12. xylem helps in translocation of some hormones water and Minerals salts and amide 

Q13water rises in straw due to succession  it is due to negative hydrostatic pressure 

Q14.transport proteins of endoderm is a controlpoint where plant adjust the quality and types of solutes that reach the xylem 

Q15.the Caspian strikes of root endodermis is made up of suberin 

Q16.common between guard cells and mesophyll cells is presence of chloroplast

Q17. by transpiration loss of water reaches up to 40%

Q18. plant hormones associated with stomatal opening is ABA 

Q19.epithem is related to guttation 

Q20.DPD is equal to op - TP

Q21. the cereal in which stomatal opens only for a few hours during day is Barely 

Q22. root pressure is very higher when transpiration is very low and absorption is high

Q23. transparent in plants is phenyl mercuric acetate 

Q24.for transpiration pull  Cohesion ,adhesion and surface tension is required

Q25. conversion of starch to organic acid is required for stomatal opening 

Q26.stomatal opening is influenced by CO2 concentration temperature and light 

Q27.root pressure develops due to active absorption